The transition to zero-emission trucks in the United Kingdom has encountered significant challenges, as evidenced by recent data from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT). Despite concerted efforts by the industry, the demand for zero-emission heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) has remained stagnant, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies to overcome existing barriers.

Decline in Overall Truck Registrations

In 2024, the UK witnessed a 2.7% decline in new HGV registrations, marking the first downturn in three years. This decrease was primarily driven by a 12.4% drop in articulated truck demand, although there was a 6.0% increase in rigid truck registrations.
The overall decline underscores the challenges facing the trucking industry amidst broader economic and regulatory shifts.

Stagnant Demand for Zero-Emission Trucks

The uptake of zero-emission trucks has been particularly concerning. In 2024, operator demand for these vehicles fell by 7.3%, with only 217 units sold, maintaining a meagre 0.5% market share—a figure unchanged since 2023.
This stagnation indicates that, despite the availability of zero-emission models, operators are hesitant to invest in them.

Government Initiatives and Future Targets

The UK government has set ambitious targets to decarbonise road transport, including ending the sale of new non-zero-emission HGVs weighing up to 26 tonnes by 2035.
To support this transition, the Plug-in Van and Truck Grant (PiVG) was introduced to bridge the price gap between ultra-low emission and conventional vehicles. Initially set to expire in April 2025, the grant has been extended until April 2026, providing up to £5,000 off an electric van.
However, the extension’s impact on larger trucks remains uncertain.

Barriers to Adoption

Several factors contribute to the sluggish adoption of zero-emission trucks:
  1. Higher Acquisition Costs: Zero-emission trucks are generally more expensive than their diesel counterparts, posing financial challenges for operators.
  2. Insufficient Charging Infrastructure: The UK currently has fewer than five HGV-dedicated charge points, making it difficult for operators to maintain and charge electric fleets efficiently.
  3. Operational Limitations: Concerns about vehicle range, payload capacity, and charging downtime deter operators from transitioning to zero-emission trucks.

Recommendations for Accelerating Adoption

To address these challenges and promote the uptake of zero-emission trucks, the following measures are recommended:
  1. Enhance Financial Incentives: Extending and increasing grants or subsidies can offset the higher initial costs of zero-emission trucks, making them more attractive to operators.
  2. Develop Charging Infrastructure: Investing in a comprehensive network of HGV-dedicated charging stations is crucial. A national vehicle infrastructure strategy should be established to meet current and future demands.
  3. Promote Research and Development: Encouraging innovation can lead to advancements in battery technology, vehicle design, and operational efficiency, reducing costs and improving performance.
  4. Facilitate Industry Collaboration: Partnerships between government agencies, manufacturers, and operators can lead to shared solutions and best practices for integrating zero-emission trucks into fleets.
  5. Implement Regulatory Support: Clear and consistent policies, including low-emission zones and stricter emission standards, can create a favourable environment for zero-emission vehicles.
Conclusion
The stagnation in demand for zero-emission trucks in the UK highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to overcome existing barriers. By enhancing financial incentives, developing infrastructure, fostering innovation, encouraging collaboration, and implementing supportive regulations, the UK can accelerate the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation sector.