Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) are essential for the transportation of goods across the UK. To drive one, operators must hold the correct HGV licence, which is based on the vehicle’s size, weight, and purpose. Different licences apply to different types of vehicles, ensuring drivers are qualified to handle them safely.
Here’s a straightforward overview of the main HGV licence classes available in the UK and what each one permits.

Overview of HGV Classes and Categories

HGV licences are divided into several classes, each covering specific vehicle types and weights. Drivers must obtain the correct licence to legally operate the vehicle suited to their role.

Class 1 (Category C+E)

The Class 1 licence, or Category C+E, allows drivers to operate vehicles weighing 7.5 tonnes or more, with a detachable trailer. This licence covers larger vehicles often used for long-distance journeys, such as articulated lorries, where the cab and trailer are separate units.
Class 1 is ideal for long-haul drivers working in large-scale logistics and distribution. Due to the size and complexity of these vehicles, additional training is required.

Class 2 (Category C)

Class 2, or Category C, covers vehicles that weigh over 7.5 tonnes but have a rigid structure, meaning the cab and trailer are a single, fixed unit. Common examples include refuse collection trucks and fire engines.
These vehicles are mostly used in urban areas and for regional transport, making this licence suitable for those working locally rather than on long-distance routes.

Category C1

Category C1 is for vehicles weighing between 3.5 tonnes and 7.5 tonnes. It covers smaller lorries and is often used for lighter deliveries.
Drivers who passed their test before 1997 automatically hold this licence, but those who passed after will need to take an additional test. This licence is often used by operators of smaller commercial vehicles in local delivery or service roles.

Category D and D1

Category D licences are for vehicles that carry passengers, such as buses and coaches. If you wish to operate large passenger vehicles, this licence is required.
The Category D1 licence is for smaller passenger vehicles, like minibuses with up to 16 seats. As with Category C1, those who passed their driving test before 1997 automatically have this licence. For others, a separate test is necessary.
These licences are crucial for anyone working in public or private passenger transport.

Category B+E

A Category B+E licence allows the driver to tow a trailer behind their regular car. This licence is needed when towing anything over a certain weight for work or personal use. If you passed your driving test before 1997, you will already have this entitlement, but those who passed later must take an additional test.

Lorry Loader or HIAB Licence

A Lorry Loader or HIAB licence allows drivers to operate vehicles with hydraulic lifting equipment, such as cranes mounted on lorries. This is often required in industries like construction, where heavy loads need to be lifted onto vehicles.
With this qualification, drivers can safely handle lorries with specialised loading equipment.

ADR Licence (Accord Dangereux Routier)

The ADR licence is needed for transporting dangerous goods, such as flammable liquids, corrosive substances, or other hazardous materials. This licence is essential for drivers working with fuel tankers, chemicals, or any potentially dangerous cargo.
ADR training ensures drivers know the correct procedures for handling and transporting these materials safely.

Conclusion

Understanding the different types of HGV licences is important for anyone looking to drive these vehicles. Each class covers specific vehicle sizes and types, and drivers must ensure they have the right licence for their job. Whether it’s long-haul driving with a Class 1 licence, city-based roles with a Class 2, or transporting dangerous goods with an ADR licence, the correct training and qualification are essential for safe and legal operation.